Some legends are so weird that they endure nearly 1,000 years later. Such is the case with the story of the green children of Woolpit. Two strange children appear out of nowhere, afflicted by a strange condition that makes their skin—you guessed it—green. From there, the story only gets more bizarre. But was this legend simply a product of a creative storyteller, or is there more to it?
Out Of The Wolf Pit
This all took place in the village of Woolpit, England, in the 12th century. The village’s name came from wolf pits, a type of trapping pit dug into the ground—which, coincidentally, is where the story begins. During the harvest, villagers discovered a pair of children in one of the pits. Their appearance was shocking. Both the boy and the girl, who seemed to be siblings, had green skin and strange clothing. They communicated with each other in a language that was unknown to the villagers.
A local man named Richard de Calne took them home, and there, the mystery deepened. Neither child would eat for days. Finally, when one of them spotted a bunch of raw broad beans, they devoured them. As the months wore on, the green of their skin began to fade, and they adapted to eating other types of food. Then, tragedy struck. The boy fell ill and died. But, as his sister learned English, she was finally able to reveal what she remembered about their mysterious past.
The girl, who took the name Agnes, described her home as a place called St. Martin’s, where she and her brother had lived in perpetual twilight. Everyone in St. Martin’s had green skin like them. She was unable to pinpoint how she’d gotten from St. Martin’s to Woolpit. One version of the tale has her herding cattle when church bells suddenly rang out. The next thing she knew, she and her brother spontaneously appeared in Woolpit. In another version, Agnes and her brother had wandered into a cave and got lost, before wandering out into Woolpit.
While her brother died young, Agnes went on to live a full life, working as a servant in de Calne’s home before eventually tying the knot with a royal official. But how to explain her fantastic story?
Fantasy Versus Reality
There are two camps when it comes to interpreting the story of the green children. One places the tale solely into the category of legend or folklore—and with the amount of unusual if not impossible details, it’s easy to see why. The story actually has a lot in common with other folktales from that time and place. Celtic literature included stories of green spirits, and many English folktales featured inhabitants of a lower world. The motif of the cave, and the story of getting lost in one and emerging somewhere completely different is not unique to the green children.
The story has much in common with the traditional English children’s tale of the “Babes in the wood,” where two children survive a poisoning attempt and escape from their uncle, the perpetrator, in the forest. Those examining the story of the green children from a more modern perspective have pointed out the type of extraterrestrial beings who have green skin, suggesting the children could have come from another planet. But what if there was a different explanation—one rooted in the history of the area?
Exiled In Woolpit
There are a number of disparate factors that, if we were to put them all together, could provide an explanation for the origin of the green children. One has to do with the time. During that era, a large number of Flemish immigrants came to England, despite the fact that they faced persecution by King Henry II. Many believe that the children were Flemish, and that their parents had perished due to the persecution. Their home of “Saint Martin” could have referred to a nearby town named Fornham Saint Martin. This would mean that the bells they heard, which they identified as sounding like those of Bury St Edmunds, could have in fact come from that area.
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Since there were far fewer Flemish immigrants in Woolpit than there were in the surrounding areas, their dress and way of speaking might have seemed especially strange there. But what about the green skin? This could be attributed to chlorosis. It’s a type of deficiency in which the skin may take on a greenish tint as a result of a poor diet. It might explain why the children’s skin went back to normal when de Calne took them in and fed them. Another version speculates that the children had arsenic poisoning, and like the tale of the “babes in the wood,” that their caretaker had dumped them in the forest, hoping they’d die.
These versions of events fit together in a much more rational fashion than the fantastic tales of extraterrestrials or subterranean twilight worlds. Nevertheless, both interpretations have persisted, trickling down to us, approximately 850 years later. There’s no way of knowing the truth—but when a story is this strange and compelling, does it really matter?
Green Children of Woolpit 5: Parallels
Beach must start with apologies. He promised four posts on the green children but he was not able to contain himself. Here, then, is a fifth dreamt up in the outer rings of fever in the last couple of days (flu now been ravaging for a week). Beach set himself a simple question: to what extent can the experience of Woolpit be paralleled in other encounters with fairies or supernatural creatures? Note that there are lots of examples of human beings straying into the other world, but the green children are something much rarer, namely, other worldly creatures getting lost in our world. Well, there are instances of fairies being caught in British and Irish folklore, though note that these examples tend to be late and south-western or from the west in Ireland. However, Beach has only come across three other European cases that are worth comparing to the Woolpit saga: we’ve limited ourselves to cases where there seems to be a hard fact behind the tale (whether the fact was understood correctly or not) and Beach has avoided the ancient world. The three cases follow.
1) Magonia: Magonia was the great medieval cloudland, or at least that is how modern researchers often interpret the name. What we do know is that a ninth-century writer described medieval weather magic and duels with sky sailors in ships from Magonia bringing storms. In southern France, in the ninth century, three men and one woman were imprisoned by locals who were convinced that they had come from Magonia to earth. They were lucky to escape with their lives, and were rescued by the solicitude of a local bishop.
2) Spanish Pygmies: in De animalibus of Albertus Magnus, the great one describes various types of primates including pygmies. Albert went further though and claimed that two pygmies were caught in Spain, though one seems to have died while being captured. Annoyingly Beach has not been able to look at the Latin here. (Beach owes this reference to Richard Green with thanks.)
3) Wales: In the early 1740s two young children were washed up on the coast of North Wales: they were probably of Georgian origin or at least this is what a later DNA test suggested. There is no proof that the locals saw them as being from another world. But one became a bone-setter of uncommon skill, a quasi magical career, and in North Wales there seems to have been a tradition (still alive in the nineteenth century) of ascribing fairy origins to powerful outsiders. Much was made of their colour, but they were swarthy not green.
